How Many Volts Are Considered Low Voltage? A Simple Guide for Homeowners and Technicians
When working with electrical or cabling systems, you’ll often hear the term “low voltage.” But what exactly does that mean? How many volts are considered low voltage, and why does it matter? Understanding this is essential for safety, compliance, and proper installation — especially if you’re dealing with lighting, security cameras, or network cabling systems in California.
Let’s break it down in a way that’s easy to understand. Our experienced low voltage wiring contractors in Los Angeles ensure that every installation meets safety standards and operates efficiently within proper voltage limits.
What Is Low Voltage?
Low voltage refers to electrical systems that operate at a lower potential difference (voltage) than standard household power. While the exact definition can vary depending on the industry or governing code, it generally refers to systems operating below 50 volts (V).
In simple terms, if a system runs on 50 volts or less, it’s considered low voltage.
The Official Definition (According to Standards)
Different organizations define “low voltage” slightly differently, but here’s a quick breakdown:
- National Electrical Code (NEC): Anything under 50 volts AC (alternating current) is typically classified as low voltage.
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): Considers up to 50 volts as low voltage for safety standards.
- IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission): Defines low voltage as 50 to 1000 volts AC, but in the U.S., the term usually applies to systems below 50V.
So, while globally the term can stretch higher, in residential and commercial wiring contexts across the U.S. — and particularly in California low voltage cabling systems — it means 50 volts or less.
Common Low Voltage Systems
Low voltage systems are everywhere — especially in modern homes and offices. These systems are designed for safety and efficiency, often running on DC (direct current) power or converted AC.
Here are some examples:
- Security systems: CCTV cameras, alarms, and access control panels (12V–24V DC)
- Network cabling: Ethernet systems (often 48V PoE — Power over Ethernet)
- Smart home devices: Sensors, thermostats, and automation hubs
- Landscape lighting: 12V or 24V LED outdoor lighting
- Audio/visual systems: Home theaters and intercoms
- Doorbells and gate openers: Typically run on 12V or 24V DC
These systems require specialized installation practices, including the right type of cabling and power supplies to avoid damage or performance issues.
Why Low Voltage Matters
Understanding low voltage isn’t just about technical accuracy — it’s about safety and efficiency. Here’s why it’s important:
- Safety: Low voltage systems reduce the risk of electrical shock and fire.
- Code compliance: California has specific building and electrical codes for low voltage installations (California Electrical Code Title 24).
- Energy efficiency: Low voltage lighting and systems consume less power.
- Scalability: Easier to expand or upgrade without major rewiring.
- Compatibility: Works seamlessly with modern smart systems and PoE technology.
In short, low voltage systems make buildings smarter, safer, and more energy-efficient.
Low Voltage in California: What You Should Know
California has one of the most advanced electrical code systems in the country. If you’re installing or upgrading low voltage wiring — whether for lighting, data, or security — it’s important to hire a licensed low voltage contractor (C-7 license).
Licensed professionals understand:
- California’s building and safety regulations
- Fire and plenum cable requirements for commercial spaces
- Proper voltage ratings and grounding techniques
- How to integrate low voltage cabling with high-voltage systems safely
They’ll ensure your project is safe, code-compliant, and future-ready. Beyond safety, there are several benefits to using low voltage systems — explore the advantages of low voltage for residential and commercial setups.
Common Voltage Levels for Low Voltage Systems
Here’s a quick reference of typical voltages for different applications:
| System Type | Typical Voltage | Power Source Type |
|---|---|---|
| LED Lighting | 12V or 24V | DC |
| CCTV Cameras | 12V or 24V | DC or PoE |
| PoE Devices (Networking) | 48V | DC |
| Access Control | 12V or 24V | DC |
| Doorbells | 16V | AC |
| Audio Systems | 24V | DC |
Anything above 50V AC or 120V DC generally moves into the “high voltage” category, requiring stricter safety standards and licensing.
Low Voltage vs. Line Voltage
It’s important to distinguish between low voltage and line voltage systems:
- Low Voltage: Operates below 50V. Safer and used for low-power systems.
- Line Voltage: Typically 120V (standard household current) or higher. Used for outlets, appliances, and lighting fixtures that draw more power.
When designing a network or lighting plan, mixing these systems safely is key — and that’s why professional installation matters.
Final Thoughts
So, how many volts are considered low voltage?
In most U.S. applications, anything below 50 volts is low voltage — and that includes the cabling systems that power your cameras, lighting, and smart devices.
Whether you’re a homeowner planning a smart upgrade or a business owner improving your data infrastructure, understanding low voltage helps ensure your system is safe, efficient, and compliant with California’s regulations. If you’re wondering about specific limits, check our detailed guide on how many volts a low voltage wire can handle.
If you’re unsure where to start, reach out to a licensed low voltage cabling expert in California who can help design and install a system tailored to your needs.